#set page(width: 6in, height: 9.5in, margin: (top: 0.75in, bottom: 1in)) #set text(size: 11pt, number-type: "lining", kerning: true, ligatures: true) #set par( justify: true, justification-limits: ( tracking: (max: 0.025em, min: -0.01em), ), ) #let journal-prefix = [The] #let journal-name = [Philosophical Review] #let journal-title = [The Philosophical Review] #let journal-date = [October 1954] #let journal-location = [Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York] #let journal-price = [\$6.00 A YEAR, SINGLE COPIES \$1.50] #let subtitle = [A Quarterly Journal] #let volume = [LXIII] #let number = [4] #let whole-number = [368] //Manual hyphenations #let words = ( "emer-i-tus", ) #show: body => words.fold(body, (body, word) => { show word.replace("-", ""): word.replace("-", [-?].text) body }) // Front Page Title #align(center)[ #v(1fr) #text(size: 24pt, weight: "bold")[#upper[#journal-prefix]] #v(0.25fr) #text(size: 55pt, tracking: -2pt, style: "italic", font: "Libre Caslon Text")[#journal-name] #v(1fr) #text(size: 12pt, weight: "bold", spacing: 5pt)[#upper[#subtitle]] #v(3fr) #align(center)[ #stack( line(length: 2.5cm), v(0.5em), text(weight: "bold")[#upper[#journal-date]], v(0.5em), line(length: 2.5cm), ) ] #v(1fr) #text(size: 12pt, spacing: 5pt, weight: "bold")[#upper[#journal-location]] #v(0.5fr) #text(style: "italic", size: 11pt)[#upper[#journal-price]] #v(1fr) ] #pagebreak() #set page(margin: (inside: 0.75in, outside: 1in)) #v(1fr) #align(center)[ #text(size: 14pt, weight: "bold")[#upper[#journal-prefix]] #v(-1.8em) #text(size: 28pt, style: "italic", weight: "medium", tracking: -1pt, font: "EB Garamond")[#journal-name] #v(-1em) ] #align(center)[ #box(width: 77%)[ #align(left)[ #text(size: 10pt)[ #upper[Edited by] the Faculty of the Sage School of Philosophy in Cornell University: Rogers Albritton, Max Black, Stuart M. Brown, Jr., E. A. Burtt, G. Watts Cunningham (Emeritus), Norman Malcolm, John Rawls, George H. Sabine (Emeritus), Irving Singer, Harold R. Smart, Gregory Vlastos. #v(1em) #align(center)[ EDITORIAL BOARD Max Black, Stuart M. Brown, Jr., Gregory Vlastos \ _Managing Editor:_ Stuart M. Brown, Jr. ] #v(1em) Articles intended for publication, books for review, and subscriptions should be sent to #upper[#journal-title], 231 Goldwin Smith Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. The articles in this REVIEW are indexed in the INTERNATIONAL INDEX TO PERIODICALS, New York, New York. ] ] ] ] #v(2fr) #pagebreak() #align(center)[ #text(size: 14pt, weight: "bold")[#upper[#journal-prefix]] #v(-2em) #text(size: 28pt, style: "italic", weight: "bold", tracking: -0.5pt, font: "Libre Caslon Text")[#journal-name] #v(-1.5em) #text(spacing: 8pt)[ #upper[VOLUME] #volume #h(1fr)\*#h(1fr) #upper[NUMBER] #number #h(1fr)\*#h(1fr) #upper[WHOLE NUMBER] #whole-number ] #v(0.35em) #stack( line(length: 2.5cm), v(0.5em), text(weight: "bold", spacing: 6pt)[October 1954], v(0.5em), line(length: 2.5cm), ) #v(0.35em) ] #v(0.5em) #let section(title, supplement: none) = heading( level: 1, title, supplement: supplement, ) #let article(title, author, tracking: 0pt) = heading( level: 2, text(tracking: tracking)[#title], supplement: text(smallcaps(author), size: 0.8em), ) #let book-review(book_author, book_title, review_author) = heading( level: 2, supplement: "book-review", [#text(size: 9pt)[#text(style: "italic")[#book_author], #book_title\; by #review_author]], ) #show outline.entry: it => { if it.element.level == 1 { if it.element.supplement == [dotted] { grid( columns: (auto, 1fr, auto), column-gutter: 0.5em, align: bottom, it.element.body, box(width: 1fr, repeat(".", gap: 0.1em)), stack( dir: ltr, spacing: 0.5em, "", it.page(), ), ) } else if it.element.supplement == [dotted-end] { // Don't show dotted-end headings in this outline } else { // Default level 1 heading without dots grid( columns: (auto, 1fr, auto), column-gutter: 0.5em, align: bottom, it.element.body, none, none, ) } } else if it.element.level == 2 { if it.element.supplement == [book-review] {} else { // Default level 2 heading without dots layout(size => { let right_content = stack( dir: ltr, spacing: 1em, smallcaps(it.element.supplement), it.page(), ) let right_width = measure(right_content).width let gutter_width = 2 * 0.5em let content_width = size.width - right_width - gutter_width let body = it.element.body let actual_height = measure(block(width: content_width, body)).height let single_line_height = measure(block(width: content_width, "A")).height let is_broken = actual_height > single_line_height * 1.01 if is_broken { body grid( columns: (1fr, auto), column-gutter: 0em, align: bottom, box(width: 1fr), right_content, ) } else { grid( columns: (auto, 1fr, auto), column-gutter: 0em, align: bottom, body, box(width: 1fr, repeat(".", gap: 0.1em)), right_content, ) } }) } } } #set text(size: 10pt, number-width: "tabular", number-type: "old-style") #outline(title: none) #v(-0.7em) #set par(leading: 0.3em) #context ( block( width: 100% - 2.5em, query(heading.where(level: 2, supplement: [book-review])).map(review => review.body).join([—]), ) ) #v(0.2em) #show outline.entry: it => { grid( columns: (auto, 1fr, auto), column-gutter: 0.5em, align: bottom, it.element.body, box(width: 1fr, repeat(".", gap: 0.1em)), stack( dir: ltr, spacing: 0.5em, "", it.page(), ), ) } #outline(title: none, target: heading.where(supplement: [dotted-end])) #v(1em) #align(center)[ #block(width: 95%)[ #smallcaps[#text(size: 9pt, hyphenate: false)[ #lower[edited by the faculty of the sage college of philosophy in cornell #text(spacing: 0.5em)[university. published by cornell university press, ithaca, new york]] ] ] ] ] #align(center)[ #block(width: 55%)[ #text(size: 0.8em, hyphenate: false)[ Entered as second-class matter at the post office at #text(spacing: 0.4em)[Ithaca, New York, under the act of March 3, 1879.] ] ] ] #pagebreak() #set text(size: 11pt) #counter(page).update(479) #article( upper("Causal Necessities: An Alternative to Hume"), "Charles Hartshorne", tracking: 0.2pt, ) #counter(page).update(500) #article( upper("Four Types of Ethical Relativism"), "Paul W. Taylor", tracking: 0.2pt, ) #counter(page).update(517) #article( upper("Disputes About Synonymy"), "Richard Taylor", tracking: 0.2pt, ) #pagebreak() #section("DISCUSSION") #counter(page).update(530) #article( [Wittgenstein's #text(style: "italic")[Philosophical Investigations]], "Norman Malcolm", ) #counter(page).update(560) #article( "Some Remarks on the Ontology of Ockham", "Gustav Bergmann", ) #pagebreak() #counter(page).update(572) #article( "Comment", "Ernest A. Moopy", ) #counter(page).update(577) #article( "The Categorical Imperative", "Marcus G. Singer", ) #counter(page).update(592) #article( "Kant, Bayle, and Indifferentism", "D. A. Rees", ) #pagebreak() #counter(page).update(596) #section("REVIEW OF BOOKS", supplement: "dotted") #book-review("John Wild", "Plato's Modern Enemies and the Theory of Natural Law", "Richard Robinson") #book-review("N. R. Murphy", "The Interpretation of Plato's Republic", "Helen North") #book-review("L. M. De Rijk", "The Place of the Categories of Being in Aristotle's Philosophy", "Kurt von Fritz") #book-review("F. M. Cornford", "Principium Sapientiae: The Origins of Greek Philosophical Thought", "F. E. Sparshott") #book-review( "Herbert Dingle", "The Scientific Adventure. Essays in the History and Philosophy of Science", "Philip P. Wiener—D. S. Mackay, G. P. Adams, W. R. Dennes (eds.)", ) #book-review("Thompson M. Clarke—A. G. N. Flew (ed.)", "Logic and Language", "A. I. Melden—James C. O'Flaherty") #book-review( "A. I. Melden—James C. O'Flaherty", "Unity and Language: A Study in the Philosophy of Johann Georg Hamann", "Paul L. Holmer", ) #book-review("Meinong-Gedenkschrift", "Meinong-Gedenkschrift", "Roderick M. Chisholm—Karl Jaspers") #book-review("Karl Jaspers", "The Origin and Goal of History", "Maurice Mandelbaum—Baker Brownell") #book-review("Baker Brownell", "The College and the Community", "Harold Taylor") #book-review("André-Louis Leroy", "David Hume", "Bernard Wand—R. P. Anschutz") #book-review("R. P. Anschutz", "The Philosophy of J. S. Mill", "Frederick C. Dommeyer") #book-review( "John A. Hutchison and James Alfred Martin, Jr.", "Ways of Faith: An Introduction to Religion", "John B. Noss—Louis O. Kattsoff", ) #book-review("Louis O. Kattsoff", "Elements of Philosophy", "Martin A. Greenman—R. A. F. Hoernlé") #book-review("R. A. F. Hoernlé", "Studies in Philosophy", "A. C. Ewing") #book-review("Lewis Mumford", "Art and Technics", "Lucius Garvin") #pagebreak() #counter(page).update(638) #section("BOOKS RECEIVED", supplement: "dotted-end") #pagebreak() #counter(page).update(638) #section("NOTES", supplement: "dotted-end")